> Thanks this sheds new light on things, where did I miss the details in the website? > anyway the info is appreciated, to follow up where do national monuments fit in to this picture, are they subbed under parks or forests, or wilderness > regardless. Thanks again, Raymond Count on the Feds to make it difficult. Most National Monuments are National Park Service, and thus, off-limits. But some (the Sonoran Desert National Monument is one notable Arizona example) are managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). BLM land in general is open to caching. On top of the Wilderness Area restrictions that Andy mentioned, you should also be aware that it is a violation of federal law to do anything that threatens or brings harm to an archaeological site. This really gets tricky, as federal law also prohibits publishing the locations of such archaeological sites. So if you were thinking of hiding a cache near your favorite petroglyph gallery, consider alternatives. It's also a good reason to talk over your plans to hide a cache with a ranger at the site, even when caching is generally permitted. They'll be able to steer you away from trouble spots. You'll find some more information here: http://www.geocachingpolicy.info/usa.html. But as to determining who is responsible for a particular patch of dirt, you'll have to do the research. If you're anywhere near downtown Phoenix, a great resource is the Public Lands Information Center (http://www.publiclands.org/) which is on Central Avenue just south of Van Buren. It's run by BLM, but they're up on all of the complexities of public land management in Arizona. Steve Team Tierra Buena